Links to Research Papers and Articles

An Italian scientist, Vittorio Erspamer, of the University of Rome was the first to analyze Kambo in the lab.  Vittorio Erspamer was twice nominated for a Nobel Prize and was also responsible for first discovering the well known neurotransmitter Serotonin.

Erspamer concluded that Kambo contains a ‘fantastic chemical cocktail with potential medical applications, unequalled by any other amphibian’. 

His findings brought great attention to the area of peptides which have since become very important to the medical field.

The links below are research papers and articles on the Kambo frog and its peptide secretions.

• Active peptides in the skins of two hundred and thirty American amphibian species

• Active Polypeptides in Amphibian Skin

• Antimicrobial Peptides: An alternative for the development of nanotechnological based therapies for multi-drug-resistant infections

• Antitumor and Angiostatic Activities of the Antimicrobial Peptide Dermaseptin B2

• Antimicrobial peptides from Phyllomedusa frogs: from biomolecular diversity to potential nanotechnologic medical applications

• Amino acid composition and sequence of Dermorphin, a novel opiate-like peptide

• Antinociceptive effect of centrally administered caerulein

• Behavioural data on Dermorphin in mice

• Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide: Physiology and Pathophysiology

• Dermatoxin and phylloxin from the waxy monkey frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei

• Dermorphin-related peptides from the skin of Phyllomedusa bicolor

• Dermorphin peptide family

• Dermorphins, a new class of potent opioid peptides from amphibian skin

• Deltorphins: A family of naturally occurring peptides with high affinity and selectivity for opioid binding sites

• Deltorphin transport across the blood–brain barrier

• Dermaseptin superfamily: A gene-based combinatorial library of antimicrobial peptide

• Frogs as a Rich Source for New Treatment Principles: A Review of Bio-Active Peptides in Phyllomedusae (Phyllomedusa Bicolor) and Bombinae (Bombina Variegate)

• Frog secretions and hunting magic in the upper Amazon

• Identification of Dermorphin and HYP6-Dermorphin in skin extracts of Phyllomedusa Rhodei

• Isolation of dermatoxin from frog skin, an antibacterial peptide

• Kambo and its Multitude of Biological Effects: Adverse Events or Pharmacological Effects?

• Litorin-like peptides in the skin of five Phyllomedusa species

• Molecular cloning of skin peptide precursor-encoding cDNAs from tibial gland secretion of the Giant Monkey Frog, Phyllomedusa bicolor

• New tryptophyllin peptide from the skin secretion of Waxy Monkey Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei

• Novel Myotropic and Antimicrobial Type 2 Tryptophyllin

• Occurrence of Phyllomedusin in the skin of Phyllodmedusa Bicolor

• Peptides from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia (Dermatoxin)

• Peptides, Amphibian (Skin), Vittorio Erspamer (Comparative Neuroscience and Neurobiology)

• Pharmacological data on phyllokinin

• Pharmacology and selectivity of various natural and synthetic bombesin related peptide agonists

• Phylloxin, a novel peptide antibiotic of the dermaseptin family

• Phylloseptin-PBa--A Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptide

• Phyllomedusa skin: A huge factory and store-house of a variety of active peptides

• Rediscovery of old drugs: The forgotten case of dermorphin for postoperative pain and palliation

• Rohdei-litorin: a new peptide from the skin of Phyllomedusa rohdei

• Sauvagine, a new polypeptide from Phyllomedusa sauvagei skin: Occurrence in various Phyllomedusa species and pharmacological actions on rat blood pressure and diuresis

• Skin peptide tyrosine-tyrosine

• Structure and pharmacological actions of phyllocaerulein

• The Brain-Gut-Skin Triangle: New Peptides

• The Effects of Dermorphin on the Endocrine System in Man

• Transformation and Migration of Healing Rituals from Indigenous Cultures to the West: Amphibian Secretions, the ‘Frog Medicine and Toad Medicine’
  

• International Association of Kambo Practitioners

• Investigating the healing power of Kambo

• Kambô, The Spirit of the Shaman

• Kambo: Nature’s Vaccine for the mind and body – Reset.me

Continue reading . . .